The Human Desire For Wealth And Inclusion - 1394 Words

COME AS YOU ARE: An Appeal to the Basic Human Desire for Wealth and Inclusion Every day, Americans are surrounded by countless advertisements. On the way to work, billboards and radio ads bombard the senses. Most ads are quickly forgotten while others stick with the audience. What makes some ads memorable and others forgettable? The product may be visually appealing, from a desirable brand, or presented as a solution to the viewer’s problem such as anti-aging cream for wrinkles. Such is the case for an ad for The Venetian resort and casino in Vanity Fair, a high-end magazine. Featured in the ad is an older woman sitting invitingly on a luxurious white bed with bountiful pillows. This ad may appeal to a high socio-economic class of viewers with a desire to belong in a high-class society in accordance with a term called snob appeal (134), coined by Stuart Hirschberg, the Associate Professor at Rutgers University. The argument suggests advancing age will not interfere with having fun by targeting a specific audience, using unconventional visual appeals, a logical text structure, The Venetian’s status to establish credibility, and opportune timing. A trip to Las Vegas entails spending several hundred dollars on a hotel alone. Combining this with gambling, shows, sightseeing, flights, and food, the trip can amount to over five thousand dollars. This ad is only attempting to reach individuals who can afford a stay at The Venetian. The majority of Vanity Fair magazine’sShow MoreRelatedHSC English Essay - Belonging1392 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿How have your set text and two chosen texts represented different perceptions of belonging or not belonging? Obtaining a sense of belonging is an intrinsic desire inextricably linked to our human nature. 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A factor that slightly muddies the waters is the potential injustice that may exist somewhere within the chain of transfers. Perhaps the inclusion of slavery or theft for means of acquiring a holding. I will address this concern in more detail in the final paragraph of this essay, but for now I will note that this principle, the principle of rectification of injustice as Nozick deems it, willRead MoreDiversity, Diversity And Inclusion Are Key Components For Or ganizational Success977 Words   |  4 PagesIn today’s workforce, diversity and inclusion are key components for organizational success. Companies who realize that their human assets are one of the most, if not the most, important resource available to them aim to create an environment that embraces the similarities and differences present in its employees. Additionally, these organizations create a culture in which inclusion is a core component, advocated and demonstrated at all levels. One diversity characteristic is that of age. Due toRead MoreHow Loneliness Affects Characters in of Mice and Men886 Words   |  4 Pagesthrough Crooks, Candy, and Curley s wife. Ranch hands are ideal types of people to portray as being lonely, because their constant travel leaves them without someone to talk to or share things with. Steinbeck also shows how important it is for every human being to have a companion. Companionship is necessary in order for someone to live an enjoyable life. Although loneliness affects each one of the characters in Of Mice and Men differently, they all experience negative feelings from their lack of companionshipRead MoreThe Meaning Of Revolution By Hannah Arendt Summary1046 Words   |  5 Pagestyrannical power such as a king or a Machiavellian prince who refuses to distribute wealth amongst his people. Thus, she finds that people in pre-modern times revolted against authority because of their lack of wealth. It is here that Arendt makes the distinction between revolutions by citing America as the first nation to address the â€Å"social question† in that they felt strongly that poverty was not a natural human condition. This in turn prompted American society to live as one that addresses poverty

Essay about Business Forecast - 1444 Words

Business Forecast This Paper examines and compares various forecasting techniques used for qualitative and quantitative business forecasting and their use in Firstlogic Inc., to forecast the demand under conditions of uncertainty. Time series and Delphi forecasting methods are considered for this research to evaluate their ability to make effective decisions regarding the future. Business Forecasting Business forecasting is the process of studying historical performance for the purpose of using the knowledge gained to project future business conditions so that decisions can be made today that will aid in the achievement of established goals. Forecasting plays a crucial role in todays uncertain global marketplace. Forecasting is†¦show more content†¦It is in these situations that modern methods of business forecasting can be especially useful. Modern forecasting methods are usually grouped into two main categories: qualitative methods, and quantitative methods. Qualitative analysis includes the intuitive and knowledge-based approach as discussed earlier. The decision maker reviews all of the information available, and then makes an estimated forecast. Quantitative techniques are used mostly when qualitative information is not available. In contrast, qualitative techniques are based on an analysis of data (Namvar, 2000, p.8). Delphi Forecasting Method Qualitative forecasting techniques are: executive committee, the Delphi method, and surveys of the sales force, surveys of customers, historical analogy, and market research. The objective of most Delphi applications is the reliable and creative exploration of ideas or the production of suitable information for decision-making. The Delphi Method is based on a structured process for collecting and distilling knowledge from a group of experts by means of a series of questionnaires interspersed with controlled opinion feedback (chase, 2003, P471). The Delphi method is a variation of the executive committee approach. But the interaction is indirect, iterative and structured. The basic premise of Delphi method is to identify a group of experts and each of them are given a set of questions or issues,Show MoreRelatedBusiness Forecast1469 Words   |  6 Pagesused for qualitative and quantitative business forecasting and their use in Firstlogic Inc., to forecast the demand under conditions of uncertainty. Time series and Delphi forecasting methods are considered for this research to evaluate their ability to make effective decisions regarding the future. Business Forecasting Business forecasting is the process of studying historical performance for the purpose of using the knowledge gained to project future business conditions so that decisions can beRead MoreL.L. Bean, Inc. Case Study Report1016 Words   |  5 Pages 6. At the item level, forecasts have to be issued and ultimately purchase commitments have to be made. 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The item forecast process involves a groupRead MoreForecasting and Demand Planning2752 Words   |  12 PagesTotal annual/monthly volume †¢ Projected product mix Operational †¢ Weekly/monthly SKUlevel demand †¢ Order size and frequency 3 Role of Forecasting in Supply Chain, †¢ Basis for Strategic Planning Decisions in SCM †¢ Decisions needing Forecast as Base †¢ Production - Scheduling -Inventory Control -- Aggregate Planning - Purchasing †¢ Marketing -Allocation of Sales-Force -- Promotion Activities -- New Product Launching †¢ Finance -Plant Equipment Investment -- Budgetary Planning Read MoreQualitative Forecasting1779 Words   |  8 Pageseducated opinions  of appropriate persons 1.  Delphi method:  forecast is developed by a  panel of experts  who anonymously answer a series of questions; responses are fed back to panel members who then may change their original responses a- very time consuming and expensive b- new groupware makes this process much more feasible 2.  Market research:  panels, questionnaires, test markets, surveys, etc. 3.  Product life-cycle analogy:  forecasts based on life-cycles of similar Read MoreYahoo! Inc. Overview of its business model, value proposition and projected financial forecast.1545 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ Yahoo! Inc. Overview of the company’s business model, value proposition and projected financial forecast. Introduction Yahoo! Inc. is a global US Internet Corporation, founded in California in 1994, which provides a range of products and content, including email, media streaming and downloads. Surviving the dot.com crash in 2001, Yahoo concentrated on pursuing partnerships with telecoms and internet providers to compete with AOL, they acquired smallerRead MoreBarilla Case Study3439 Words   |  14 PagesMaastricht University School of Business and Economics International Executive Master of Finance and Control 20 April 2012 Course – Logistics Prof. Dr. Allard van Riel Pauline Henselmans Jetse van de Kamp Ze Zhu Thiago Barros de Oliveira Rene Lorrier Contents 1. 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Early Childhood Education and ‘Kindergarten’ Free Essays

Pre-school education is discussed mainly through the development of a child’s personality. The knowledge and practices acquired by children during this stage of learning are embedded with their character. Furthermore development of creative thinking, communication skills and social interaction are a few benefits able to acquire by pre-school children. We will write a custom essay sample on Early Childhood Education and ‘Kindergarten’ or any similar topic only for you Order Now (Palihakkara, D.W., Premaratne, R.M. 2004, p 36). ‘Kindergarten’, is a German metaphorical term referring to a garden, in which children are compared to growing plants. It is used as a common term for pre-school educational institutions, defined in various ways in many countries. The ‘Kindergartens’ are recognized educational environments created to motivate and support the mental, physical, emotional, linguistic and social development of children between ages 3-5 years. (Source: â€Å"Friedrich Froebel†, http://www.infed.com/Froebel.html ) History of Early Childhood Education Many contributions are made to the development of theories on early childhood education through the ages in the history of educational philosophy. All theories are based upon the child’s psychological background, with various scientific research and interpretations made with time through established contemporary methods. Greek philosopher Plato in 4th Century B.C. was the first to emphasize the importance of education with play and rhythmic movement to improve mental and physical growth during the first five years of a child’s life. This idea was further improved by the addition of Aristotle’s ideas on practicing good habits and attitudes in children. John Amos Komensky (Comenius) in the 16th Century, expressed ideas of child centered education: he believed children should learn by sensory experiences through activities engineered within their natural environment. He stressed on the child’s need for love and Security and the role of a mother as a teacher in the ‘home based’ early childhood education. (Dudek.M, 1996, pp30-39) Jean Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778) further illustrates that nothing should be forced on the child. He suggests methods of active learning through experience and the enjoyment of work as ‘play’. â€Å"Work or play is all one to him, his games are his work, and he knows no difference.† -Rousseau- The four stages of a child’s development described by him are as follows: Infancy – reveals habits and the framing of emotions Childhood – reveals necessity and training of senses Boyhood – reveals utility and the training of the intellect Adolescence – reveals mortality Of these training emotions and the senses was stressed only in early childhood education. Fredrich Froebel (1782-1827) believed that the childhood is a period with its own interests, values and creativity and identifies ‘Play’ as the distinctive activity. He established the pre-school system ‘Kindergarten’ with the emphasis on ‘Free Play’ and child’s freedom. (Dudek.M, 1996, p51) Fig.2.01: Freidrich Froebel and his kindergarten tools known as ‘Froebel’s gifts’ in use with children. Educationist Maria Montessori (1870-1952) focused on the necessity of sensory learning, skill development, the use of materials and comfortable class room environments for children in comparison to Kindergarten method, the Montessori Method focuses more towards the efficiency and speed in making children ready to engage with formal learning. (Dudek.M, 1996, p.58) Fig.2.02: Maria Montessori and pre-school children Psychologists such as Wellman and Piaget during the twentieth century discovered that intelligence levels of children can be manipulated by environmental experiences such as pre-schooling. Also disapproved ideas of fixed intelligence and predetermined development. These findings improved the quality of pre-school education as structured stimulating environments for cognition and skill development. (Dudek.M, 1996, p.65) 2.1.2 Early Childhood Education in Sri Lankan Context Pre-school education has been a key priority of the Sri Lankan Education since the early 1940’s. (The Kannangara Report of 1943, Jayasooriya Commission Report on education in 1961). In 1986 the affiliation of powers to the Ministry of Women’s Affairs and Childcare enabled to enhance and control the quality and regulations for Pre-schools Island wide. Experts on child psychology and education help to categorize various early educational programs. The management of Pre-school education in Sri Lanka can be identified under three basic sectors: State sector – Managed under the Departments of Social Services, Fisheries, Women’s Affairs and Protection and child care, Local Government etc. Voluntary Organizations – Sarvodaya, Mahila Samithi, Religious Organizations, Samurdhi Movement, and Social Welfare Trust Organization (Pre-schools in the Estate Sector) Private Sector – Private Educational Organizations or individuals (Mostly Montessori System Adopted) The two key systems of early education in Sri Lanka are: Nursery ; Kindergarten Method Montessori Method (Palihakkara, D.W., Premaratne, R.M. 2004, pp54-57). The Nursery and kindergarten method is a combination of the Nursery and Kindergarten systems currently practiced in Sri Lanka. Kindergarten This system focuses a child centered approach which became the inspiration for modern pre-school education. Founded by, Freidrich Froebel, it fosters play, giving precedence for the growth of children’s feelings and their imagination. The objectives focus on the child’s development which includes social skills and sensory development. Sociability and care within a group of children Problem solving ability based on individual and group activities Accomplishment of sensory motor coordination Understanding basic concepts necessary for latter learning Appreciation of beauty in all forms Social maturity and self-awareness Progress of creativity (Palihakkara, D.W., Premaratne, R.M. 2004, pp37-38.) Nursery Schools A more recent education system based on the Kindergarten system, which functions on a nonprofit basis through churches, homes and charitable organizations . Its objectives are: Child socialization and the use of Fantasy Play – promotes sensory motor and emotional development. Attachment between teacher and child – brings out self-confidence, security and spontaneity within the child. Creating a learning environment free from restrictions and directions Establishment of good parental relations (Palihakkara, D.W., Premaratne, R.M. 2004, p38.) Organized and free play is believed to help the child realize his true capacity through aesthetics and self-expressive qualities of play. Nursery schools limit each group to a maximum of twenty students with a minimum of two teachers to maintain good child-Teacher relationship where the teacher is only a guide, selecting music, materials for play discussion or art activities.   Montessori An early education system that combines both the psychological concepts and academic techniques was established by Maria Montessori. She believed in creating a core environment based on love, care, co-operation, patience, self control and responsibility to be the main feature of the system. The system aims skill development of children through activities such as: Practical life exercises and occupational skills – Ex. Carrying and using objects, buttoning, folding linen etc. as practical life skills and sweeping, washing, brushing as occupational skills Sensory exercises – Sensory discrimination skills and concepts Didactic exercises –understand shape, size, colour, texture, temperature etc. (Palihakkara, D.W., Premaratne, R.M. 2004, pp39-40.) Fantasy Play of the Kindergarten has been substituted in the Montessori system by the organized activities that contribute to self-discipline and the course of work. ‘Learning through Play’ Method As Friedrich Froebel believes ‘play’ as the most distinctive activity of children. Apart from bringing joy to the child, ‘play’ also evokes the inherent spirit that children possess which symbolizes the character of each individual. (Dudek M. 1996, p.47) Research on human behavior has revealed that children learn efficiently from ‘seemingly-random’ play as from the formal classroom. Play gives children the opportunity of firsthand experience to discover things through exploration: it motivates them to take risks and challenges to explore the world further. (McConnell.J, 1989) Piaget describes the basic types of play a child progresses through in his/her developmental stages as Pre-Social and Social play. Pre-Social Play: The infant take on play with hands, feet, bells, rattles and dolls at six months. Social Play: Is a more intricate and social in character as it occurs with both individual and physical development. Category 1: Social play is in relation to the activity, such as: Free Play: The basic kind of social play that involves physical play activities with other children. This enables them to control their demeanor. Formal Play: Play with formal rules, but turns out to be flexible when children become more verbal. Creative Play: Defined as the ‘pinnacle’ of all types of play by Piaget: the child learns to operate with symbols rather than objects. Category 2: play can be classified under the point of social contact it offers. the curriculum of a Kindergarten encourages the following types of play: Solitary Play : children playing alone, independently, of their own interest. Parallel Play : playing beside each other, but not with each other. Associative Play : children playing with each other, communicating, sharing materials and activities in an unorganized pattern, without an overall goal. Corporative Play : children organizing themselves in a group, with a common goal or purpose. (Malone. K, Tranter. P, 2003) Category 3: Any activity of play can be viewed in different stages of complexities of activity. Stage One: Simple exploration of play material – feeling sand, pouring water back and forth, scribbling with colour pencils etc. Stage Two: Symbolic Play – Use of objects as symbols for some other object. Takes place during the Preoperational stage mentioned by Piaget, a play very frequently used by kindergarten children. Stage Three: When Kindergarten children are able to interact in co- operative play, they devised flexible rules to their games. (Malone. K, Tranter. P, 2003) The three categories of social play are effectively practiced in Kindergarten programs facilitated by teachers without restricting child behavior. Fig.2.03 :Children engaged in learning Fig.2.04: Children engaged in play Researchers have distinguished three main categories of play in relation to child development. These are summarized below with its characteristics. Physical/motor skill play activities – playing on structured games, using free equipment (e.g., bat ; ball). A natural way through which, children’s physical growth, agility and endurance is improved. These are essential to a healthy childhood and later life. Social/non social play activities – Talking with others, observe others activities, daydreaming (includes onlooker play). Children must play with others, share and cooperate, respect other views, express their ideas, feelings and needs without the involvement of an adult. A child constructs identity which suits him. Learns to negotiate with others, and interaction with their peers allows to acquire social skills and emotional well-being essential for child’s development. Cognitive play activities – (includes imaginative and creative play) building with materials and engaging in imaginative activities enables children to discover, explore and develop an understanding of the environment around them. They become familiar with the patterns and systems of life and connections with the experience. Therefore, play being a stimulant of physical, emotional, social, intellectual and cognitive development of the child plays a key role in early childhood education. (Malone .K, Tranter. P, 2003) Spatial quality of a Kindergarten The Nursery and Kindergarten method encourages freedom for the child to self-explore and experience his world. The psychological need for freedom is given priority in child centered education. A Child requires the freedom to experience childhood to its fullest potential. It is a key feature that enables him to successfully deal with future endeavors in life. (Selmer – Olsen I., 1993) The spatial quality depends on the quality of activity, physical and psychological requirements of the users etc. A Kindergarten facilitates the main function of ‘Learning through Play’. The space and spatial quality of such institutions is the tool which moulds the ambiance required for the activity. The environment of a kindergarten should be organized, supportive and inspirational with desired freedom for the child to explore within the defined limitations of safety. Thus an ideal environment would cater to the requirements of a child’s intellectual, social, linguistic, aesthetic and physical development. It will incorporate spatial variety with quiet spaces for solitude and security, more opened social spaces for group activities and exciting outdoor spaces for exploration. The sensual variety in light, colour, texture, and sound, would intensify the spatial quality to motivate children to engage positively with the kindergarten activities. (Bettelheim. B, Annalia. G, (1992), Dudek M. 1996, p.06). The objective of kindergarten architecture should be to create stimulus and secure learning environments that celebrates the characteristic activity of childhood – ‘play’. (Dudek M. 1996, p.06). Kindergarten environments should consider ‘Learning and Play’ as a synchronized, series of simultaneous learning and play activities. The spatial quality of a dynamic nature for stimulation of Play should be controlled to achieve levels of concentration required for learning. This aspect should be addressed by using architectural elements such as form, scale, proportion, colour, texture, pattern, light and views. (Dudek M. 1996, p.06). 2.2.1 Colour as a spatial quality in Kindergartens Amongst architectural elements that stimulate space for humans, colour plays a vital role with direct impacts on mind and body. The sensation of colour enables to communicate between natural and manmade elements in architecture. The Three Elephants kindergarten designed by Knafo Klimor Architects in Caesarea, Israel. It is a testimony of the above statement as arrangements of dynamic spaces with a series of geometric wall planes are emphasized by colour. Fig.2.05: Interaction with Nature: Kindergarten in Caeserea, Israel â€Å"The natural contrast between light and shade creates a new range of form and colour. Two –dimensional architecture will eventually create a richer composition of colour, which, in turn, will enrich the child’s experience.† (Eylon.L, 2003) The constant interaction with the surrounding environment draws in the light and colours of nature to animate the visual ambiance for the child; it is a dynamic experience of life. The vibrant application of colour highlights and symbolizes the abstract built forms of nature. The forms and colours with resemblance to a toy, encourages the child’s imagination to visualize ‘a herd of elephants’ and further explore activities of play through his imaginary world. Fig.2.06: Light provides visual depth to Form and Colour: Kindergarten in Caecerea, Israel and Kindergarten8units in Spain Natural light is a source which enhances the spirit of spatial quality. Kindergarten8units in Spain is an example for its execution in enhancing colours. Fig.2.07: Eye level views for children: The window is used as an activity space against the wall. Therefore, the activities can have a pleasant bright setting and a close view of the outdoor environment. Bringing the window heights to child’s eye level provides them with visual continuity from indoors to outdoors. Fig.2.08: Spirit of light and colour Use of colour with natural illumination energizes space and brightens the mood. The brightness of natural light floods into the corridors (common spaces) from the sky lights above and spreads into the classes arranged around it. Natural light and colour cooperate and works by changing light and the colours of the views of outdoors. This provides children a sensual understanding of time, nature and natural phenomena. Hence, colour becomes a vital spatial character in a kindergarten as it stimulates the child to positively communicate with its activity and the environment. How to cite Early Childhood Education and ‘Kindergarten’, Papers

Professional Research and Analysis Economical Approach

Question: Describe about the Professional Research and Analysis for Economical Approach. Answer: Definition and comparisons of the alternative approach Research requires being conducted in a parsimonious manner which means that it should be performed in the economical and straightforward method. Simplicity in explanation of various problems and generalizing solutions relating to the problems is preferred as opposed to complex research framework. The economy in research models may be achieved by way of considering less number of variables which leads to greater variance rather than considering more number of variables leading to less variance (Dubois and Gadde 2002). Rigor, on the other hand, adds to thoroughness and degree of accuracy in the research. A sound theoretical base and proper methodical design add rigor to the study. Rigor research is the study that applies appropriate research tools to fulfill the desired objectives of the investigation. Rigour describes the condition of strictness (Kolbe and Burnett 1991). Business instances of parsimony and research Parsimony may be applied to a wide range of subjects and topics. The instance below would elucidate parsimonious approach towards a particular subject. An example could be that of an entity that has four species amongst which all have wings, but only three may hover while flying. The most relevant parsimonious model would be that all four species have one ancestor and that assumption would hold true if only the presence or absence of wings is looked upon, but not when the absence or presence of hovering is added. When the second trait is added, it is more likely that the three species that hover have a common ancestor than that the trait of hovering arose from two different evolutionary paths. Thus, the most parsimonious tree would have a branch linking the three hovering species with a single common ancestor and then link that common ancestor with a common ancestor for all four species, the root species. Rigour methodology may be applicable in the healthcare industry wherein; the methodology could be applied to determine the meaning of a phenomenon through description. It aims to develop various concepts that help in the understanding of natural phenomenon with special importance over the experiences and views of participants. This mode of research entails over content analysis, semantic network analysis, and others. The rigor model would help the researcher to apply multiple approaches by collaborating through to the research topics and models to derive the desired result (Le Roux 2016). Analyses of specific circumstances where each approach is relevant and interrelation with each other At the outset, it is worth saying that it is not possible to fulfill all the investigations that are hundred percent scientific like in the case of physical science. As far as practice is concerned, both Parsimony and Rigour model of research methodology is related to the establishment of the hypothesis. The two alternative statements meant for the same phenomenon and in the vent of the absence of difference between them, the simplest method deserves special mention against other. To fulfill the criteria of parsimony, various features mainly scientific fundaments that come with an adequate hypothesis, along with detailed project description should be taken into account which forms a part in performing research organizations. As far as research is concerned, parsimony refers to the mode of simplest explanation about the largest number of observations which is logical to the complex explanations that may exist. It helps the theorists to develop more theoretical models in research than published models. The golden rule is research needs to be parsimonious. Sometimes, it may be overwhelming with a huge volume of data and information and therefore becomes complicated to sort out the important feature of the research project. Being parsimonious will abridge the context of investigation and in various ways or the other would enhance the rigor along with replicability of the entire research (Rauch et al. 2007). Rigor stands for carefulness and precision or accuracy in research. While parsimony entails over simplicity in explanation of phenomena in the generation of solutions to the problems as opposed to rigor which delves in the exactitude of finding the research solution in a given industry. Thus it may be noted that healthcare industry is by far the best instance to explain the interrelation between two modes of research methodology. Both methods are applicable in this domain (Zhang and Watanabe-Galloway 2014). In healthcare industry much of research are undertaken in the areas of nursing, childrens health, chronic care, transcultural care, survey statistics, healthcare insurance to name a few. The practitioner would have to deal with the substantial volume of data relating to health economics and research in evaluation research. Various health surveys would require both approaches of research processes. For instance, health statistics of elderly women is a complicated proposition since it involves a huge number of the data analysis. While parsimonious approach would help the investigator to perform the task with simplicity, rigor method would engage the practitioner in the in-depth and accurate analysis of data and facts of any given project (Yilmaz 2013). References Dubois, A. and Gadde, L.E., 2002. Systematic combining: an abductive approach to case research. Journal of business research, 55(7), pp.553-560. Kolbe, R.H. and Burnett, M.S., 1991. Content-analysis research: An examination of applications with directives for improving research reliability and objectivity. Journal of consumer research, 18(2), pp.243-250. Le Roux, C.S., 2016. Exploring rigour in autoethnographic research. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, pp.1-13. Rauch, W.A., Schweizer, K. and Moosbrugger, H., 2007. Method effects due to social desirability as a parsimonious explanation of the deviation from unidimensionality in LOT-R scores. Personality and Individual Differences, 42(8), pp.1597-1607. Yilmaz, K., 2013. Comparison of Quantitative and Qualitative Research Traditions: epistemological, theoretical, and methodological differences. European Journal of Education, 48(2), pp.311-325. Zhang, W. and Watanabe-Galloway, S., 2014. Using mixed methods effectively in prevention science: designs, procedures, and examples. Prevention Science, 15(5), pp.654-662.

Anaxamander Essays - Philosophy, Astrology, Belief,

Anaxamander With his discoveries, Anaxamander of Miletus attempted to bring the realm of the unreal to the world where common man could conceive it. As successor and pupil of Thales of Miletus, Anaxamander worked on the fields of geometry, natural science, and astrology. The culmination of his life attempted to define the indefinite or undetermined. He was the first to discover and apply the theory of the unlimited. For a philosopher of this time period, he had many radical ideas. Anaxamander believed many different things about the position of the Earth. He also published a book, On Nature, which revealed his theories about the evolution of Earth and man. Under the tutelage of Thales, Anaxamander studied numerous things about earth and life. While he did make some contributions to the world of mathematics, his greatest achievements were probably in science and astrology. His most notable accomplishment, however, was the gnomon. The gnomon is the large rod that is erected from the base of the su ndial. This led him to other things, such as the prediction of solstices and equinoxes. His attempts at prediction carried over and allowed him to create maps of both the real and celestial worlds. In addition to his celestial interests, Anaxamander believed that the Earth hung in the middle of the sky and was held there by the pull of objects at either side. Along this line he also believed that the world possessed a cylindrical form. He believed that the Earth was encompassed by a flame, that was broken into pieces in order to generate the sun, moon, and stars. The heavenly bodies, Anaxamander thought, were each a wheel of fire. When holes in the wheel were clogged then an eclipse occurred. The seas upon the earth were the result of leftover primal moisture. Strong winds came through and dried some places, which are now land; what was left became the seas and oceans. Anaxamander's attempt to bring the world of the unknown to reality was the most difficult task that one could encounter. Well-known for his theory of Apeiron, or the unlimited, Anaxamander pursued the changes of the Earth. He basically thought that apeiron compensated for the many changes the Earth undergoes. As a fragment from Anaxamander says, ?the unlimited is the first principle of things that are. It is that from which the coming-to-be takes place, and it is that to which they return when they perish, by moral necessity, giving satisfaction to one another and making reparation for their injustice, according to the order of time.? Coming to be is the separation of opposites and does not involve any change in the natural being of a substance. Anaxamander thought that it was neither water nor any other substance, but it is of entirely different nature than that in which the unlimited exists. He believed that all things existed in some place. Whether they were absent or conspicuous was irrelevant; they still existed. He believed that qualities came into existence, vanished away, only to return again. Anaxamnder took into consideration that ?there was a storehouse or reservoir from which the qualities that now confront us have ?separated off' and into which, when their contraries come forth in time, they will go back; the process being repeated in reverse, and so on in never-ending cycles.? Anaxamander, unlike most philosophers of this time, assessed that the world was created from air, not water. He assumed that everything was created from nothing. This nothing, however, was actually the unknown. The unknown, as Anaxamander defines it, can best be described as the other half of what is. The undetermined is what is not and cannot be seen. Equally as important are water, land, and fire that were created by the density in the air. Each of these three things, as seen from Anaxamander's point of view, were the origin of all the rest of what exists. Water, of course, was the origin of life. From this water, first came fish that would evolve into what is now man. Bibliography Kirk,G.S. and Raven, J.E. The_Presocratic_Philosophers. London: Cambridge University Press, 1957 Wheelwright, Philip. The Presocratics. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1966 15 Oct. 1999. http://viator.ucs.indiana.edu/~ancmed./foundations.htm 15 Oct. 1999. http://acnet.pratt.edu/~arch5143/help/pre-socratic.html 13 Oct. 1999. http://www.hcc.hawaii.edu/instruct/div.sci/sci122/Greek/Greek.html

Kurdish Self Determination essays

Kurdish Self Determination essays As the United States led toppling of Saddam Husseins regime in Iraq has taken place within the last year, the Kurdish struggle for self-determination in Northern Iraq still looks doubtful. The coalition does not see a role for the Kurds in post-Saddam Iraq. About 80,000 Kurdish peshmerga fighters were refused a role in securing the newly liberated country. About 28,000 anti-Saddam fighters from 20 various groups were actually disarmed, while many Saddam loyalists who were looting army arsenals were not disarmed. The coalition does not have any plans to disrupt the national integrity of Iraqs borders The Kurds are inhabitants of Kurdistan, spread and divided over Turkey, Iraq, Iran and Syria. There are no actual borders of Kurdistan. There are about 20 million Kurds living today between the borders of these countries. They are the largest ethnic nationality without an actual country. After the First World War, in which the Ottoman Empire was defeated, the treaty of Svres was concluded between Turkey and the Western Alliance. The treaty had the blueprint to create an autonomous Kurdish state. This treaty became negated after Turkey fought for its independence and did not allow the country to be divided. Now a new treaty had to be signed with the western world. In this Treaty of Lausanne the new situation with the new frontiers was acknowledged. The treaty of Svres was now void, and so were the Kurdish rights. Moreover Kurdistan was now divided in 4 parts, the reason why until now its territory is spread over 4 countries. Self-determination under the influence of people like the American president Wilson and Lenin was gaining popularity in the early 1900s. Wilson declared in 1916 "Every people has the right to chose under whose sovereignty it will fall." Lenin also was a supporter of the right of self-determination. In his opinion, it was a good measure against colonialism. ...

Groups and Teams in the Contemporary Organizations Essay

Groups and Teams in the Contemporary Organizations - Essay Example It has also made the top management realize that if proper undertakings within these domains are made, there is no doubt that the groups and teams would bring in more success and higher profits. The only shortcoming, however, lies in the ideology that these groups and teams have a number of different problems, all of which will be mentioned within the length of this paper. This paper takes a concise look at how the groups and teams in the contemporary business world have played their quintessential role and what these roles have meant to the different business quarters, not to forget the grave issues which have surfaced for quite a period of time now. The groups and teams within the aegis of an organization have meant that the company accepts that shared efforts are important in order to have goals achieved and objectives accomplished, for the sake of the said company. This is a reality that has dawned upon the modern day organizations because these organizations have understood the ideology of team formation and how these can bring success for the sake of the whole company. The formation of teams within an organization signifies the need for a collective thought that can envision success domains within a short-term time period or a duration that is geared to meet the needs and challenges within the long run. However one thing is certain – the organization by now has understood the premise of having groups and teams within its aegis, which will essentially play a very solid role at convincing its own people that individual efforts are not worth and that groups and teams would bring about more sanity and be strengthening effects for the sake of the company.  

Reflection paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 19

Reflection paper - Essay Example I read many medical terms while completing this activity. The words or abbreviations were PRN, vaccine, injection, body surface area, means and extremes, milliequivalent , proportion and ratio. These five steps could be used in various problem solving situations, for example they remind you to ask questions when help is needed. They also reminded to do what needs to be done and that I should show initiative and be a team player. Dealing with Medical math this observational serve introduced me to some Pediatric considerations in dealing with medications and where Medical Math is used. Here are some of the various formulas that are used for calculating dosages for children. They are Young’s Rule, Clark’s Rule, Fried’s Rule and Body surface area. I also learned the Five Rules for Medication Administration and they are right dose, right time, right route, right medication, and the right patient. I learned the routes of administration as well and they are enteral, percutaneous, and parenteral. (Christensen, p.395) This assignment of doing an observational serve would be good for a Medical Math course for it gave me practical knowledge and practice using my math skills, for example means and extremes. It also gave me a chance to show what I can do in a Pediatric type office. I found out that I liked working with the children. This observational serve showed me how to use the various problem solving skills in an academic way along with dealing with social issues when I was reading to the children and some of them were afraid and I read a children’s book about visiting the doctor’s

Authors, journalists,and artists throughout the Modern Chinese Essay

Authors, journalists,and artists throughout the Modern Chinese - Essay Example The reporting of incidents and occurrences using the invented methods like writing and picture taking improved journalism and made it advance to the level it is in the modern days. This paper will give a clear analysis on two pieces of journalism and literature that have become impressions of art In reviewing the works of Ah Cheng, he gives out his ideas about journalism, art, and literature in China. Ah Cheng came to the public and became famous in the 1980s. The period saw him as a member and one of the ‘seeking roots’ literary movement. In the movement, he was with other writers such as Han Shaogong and Mo Yan. Before Cheng became involved in writing and started writing fiction articles, he was fond of helping his father, Zhong Dianfei, who was a film critic. His father had composed the article, ‘The Art of Cinema’. Both Cheng and his father used ideas and influences that originated from Karl Marx, Hegel, the philosophies and ideas of Confucianism as well the classical Chinese literature writings such as the ‘The Book of Changes’. In the Festival by A Cheng, he draws inspiration from Kansha’s Observing Decapitation and Join the Crowd of Onlookers by Weiguan to depict different scenes in his work. Cheng uses vivid descriptions in his works to bring the reader closer to his scene in ways that place the reader as part of the events. The author takes his time to bring out even the minute details such as the description of drying up gun powder using iron skillets (Cheng 128). Cheng does not just mention that the individuals were drying up gun powder, but rather delves into the details to outline the process and bring the reader closer to the event. Such depictions are taken in positive light especially when the scene regards positive attributes that the society holds dear. In drawing a similarity to Kansha’s Decapitation, the festival has vivid descriptions of scenes that draw negative attitudes due to depictions of violence and

What Are The Causes Of Childhood Obesity Health Essay

What Are The Causes Of Childhood Obesity Health Essay Throughout the years, obesity has been a very important topic in our society and has risen exponentially among children and many researchers have wondered what are the causes of childhood obesity. There are many components which contribute to the causes of child obesity. Also people need to understand what exactly is body-mass-index and how it will be used to decide whether the child is categorized as being obese or not. Here are the some of the primary causes that affect children leading into obsession. The children consume so much food, are exposed to too many advertisements, lack physical activity, parents influence their actions, and the childrens living environments and socioeconomic factors influence them. Many blame that children eat beyond their control and this happens to be the number one cause. The second cause is children are exposed too many food commercials of less healthy foods and eventually are convinced into consuming the product. The third reason is children tend t o lack physical activity by rather spending countless hours playing video games and browsing the internet. The fourth cause is that the children parents influences them, and the genetics of the parents is a great influence on childrens overweight and obesity. The last cause is the childs living environment and their socioeconomic status influences their decisions and actions. These are the main components that lead into causing obesity among the children. What factors make children to be considered obese from a normal weight. What is obesity and BMI? Typically, obesity and overweight children are characterized as having a body-mass-index (BMI) greater than a particular threshold set point. BMI or body-mass-index undistinguished as a measurement in kilograms divided by height in meters squared (kg/m2) (Anderson 20). Reported by the guidelines in National Institutes of Health, a child is well categorized as obese if their body-mass-index is less than 18.5, the kids are considered overweight if their BMI is 25 or more, and obese if his BMI is 31 or more (20). Most people have no significant idea of what exactly is obesity. According to the Center for Disease Control and prevention, obesity is defined as a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that it may have an adverse effect on health, leading to reduced 6 life expectancy and/or increased health problems (CDC, 2013). In the article Childhood Obesity: An Overview, it mentions that it can happen only when the number of calories being consumed surpasses the quantity of calories burned, and usually an increase of this action has to last for long periods of time for obesity to be developed (Reily 2007) In order for a child to not be obese, it will take them days of lifestyle changes which produce a small every day calorie deficiency in their food diet. In the long run it is necessity that lifestyle changes is a huge contributor to the failure of efforts to resolve obesity once it has become established. When the children consume much more calories than they burn off, they increase that as obese weight. (WebMD 1) How children eat, how physically active they are, and many numerous components play a part on how it impacts their body and uses the energy units and when weight is increased. These are the basics of obesity and how the body-mass index is use to classified children as obese. The number one cause is children intake way too much unhealthy food products such as soft drinks, fast food, convenient snack food, chips, and junk food, etc. When the children eat this certain type of food, the calories sum up creating body fat or also known as BMI. Most children tend to miss a great diet and are easily exposed to unhealthy food; therefore, they will consume as they are pleased (Anderson and Butcher 14). The three major food categories are convenience foods, soft drinks, and obviously fast food. All these are calorie dense and there is some evidence that consuming these items are correlated with obesity in children (35). Also the much more children consume this type of food, the easier it is for them to get addicted. The worlds leading global fast food service retailer with more than 34,000 and counting restaurants worldwide goes to the McDonalds Corporation franchise and they happened to sell the two unhealthiest leading food products that causes obesity, which are french fries and chicken nuggets (McDonalds 1). Nevertheless, children tend to always eat them at any fast food place. They cannot enjoy their meal without a side of french fries or chicken tenders. Another thing children face are the easy access to junk food in schools. Much more schools across America have carried out school vending machines that contain highly calorie snacks such as candy bars and chips. Fast food companies use tactics against children such as advertising to brain wash them to consume their food products. The second cause leading to child obesity is that many of the children that end getting overweight are exposed to hundreds of advertising of unhealthy foods. The television advertisements are very influential and persuasive to the childrens mind. On average, the child watches an estimate of more than 23,000 food commercials every year and works out to at least 60 commercials per day (Anderson and Butcher 32). Also many children get influenced by prizes or characters of the advertisement. For example, when children see an advertisement on the television for a kids meal; they will get convinced into buying the meal because their neurons urges the kid to wan the super, marvelous action figure found inside. This is why the McDonalds Happy meals are the number one selling food product to children. The children in todays society tend to not do physical activities because their days consist of computer and television interaction. Another cause to child obesity is that many obese children do not control their overall health and lack physical activity to burn off the excess of calories. Children may be substituting different sorts of media for television watching, including video games and the internet (Anderson and Butcher 26). The kids already are not burning up the calories by not choosing to exercise and add many more calories to their bodies. The body systems of the child will not be able to burn off the calories when they do this actions. Thus, this cause raises the energy consumption or decreases energy outgo by even a little measure that will cause obesity in the long-run. Prospectively, physical activity was inversely related to with BMI alteration in girls, and media time periods (watching television or videos, playing video or computer games) was directly connected with BMI alterations in both sexes (Hans-Reiner Figulla 209). A factor that many really dont notice that affect the child health choices are the parents themselves. A cause that usually is not taken in consideration to child obesity are the parents themselves. While parental behavior is important, perhaps the largest influence on the children weight, and obesity is through genetics. For example, it is known that parents influence the childrens food choices. Also the laboring of the parents, makes it difficult to plan and cook healthier meals. For most Americans, it is effortless to get precooked products, eat out in the restaurants, or go to the store to buy products. But these types of foods are higher in fat and high in calories. The quantity of fast food products have gotten a lot bigger in size and this contributes to bad food consumption. Occupation agendas, lengthy travels from the workplace, and other commitments also cuts into the time period the parents have their kids doing physical exercise. Recent reports have concluded that about 26 to 41 percent of BMI is hereditary (Anderson and Butcher 10). Alternately it seems that parents may p ass on to their children a condition to overweight in the existence of energy imbalance. (10) The environment in which the children live can also influence and effect children to getting obese. The fifth cause is that is taken in consideration to child obesity is the environment and socioeconomic conditions of the children. Obesity is higher among minority children and low-income children such as African-American and Hispanics decent (Anderson 15). It all the depends where the children live. If the environment is under poverty conditions, the parents will most likely expose their children to consume cheap food for the penny. Now much more fast food corporations have increased their portion sizes of their products and cost a lot cheaper. Whose family members that are overweight may be at jeopardy of becoming overweight themselves, but this can be connected to common family actions such as consumption and human activity habits. For example, my mother was a considerably overweight at the time of pregnancy when she had me; therefore I was born obesity and I was two pounds overweight. In conclusion, these are some of the major components that cause child obesity. Most of the time it isnt just the child itself but there are much more to what causes obesity among them. Also most dont realize that by using the body mass index or BMI is used to categorized the child as being obese. The obvious one is when the child over eats too much and doesnt burn off the calories they intake and that add fat weight on their bodies. Many people also didnt realize that the environment the child lives in can not only influence the children but also their parents. It is mainly the childs environment that influences the children to either make positive or negative choices. The causes are child obesity are clearly that they consume so much food, are exposed to too many advertisements, lack physical activity performance, parents influence their actions, and the childrens living environments and socioeconomic factors influence them as well.

Investigating Osmosis in Potato Cells :: Papers

Investigating Osmosis in Potato Cells Planning: Aim:- To investigate the effect of different concentrations of sucrose solution, on potato cells Osmosis:- Osmosis is the passage of high water concentration through a semi-permeable membrane to a region of low water concentration, i.e. the passage of water. Explanation of osmosis For osmosis to occur there must be; semi-permeable membranes are very thin layers of material (cell membranes are semi-permeable) which allow some things to pass through them but prevent other things from passing through. Cell membranes will allow small molecules like Oxygen, water, Carbon Dioxide, etc. to pass through. Cell membranes will not allow larger molecules like Sucrose, etc. to pass through. Regions of high concentrated water are either a very dilute solution of something like sucrose or pure water. In each case there is a lot of water, there is a high concentration of water. Regions of low concentrated water are a concentrated solution of something like sucrose. In this case there is much less water. If the solution surrounding the cell has a higher water concentration than the cell, the cell will gain water by osmosis. Water molecules are free to pass across the cell membrane in both directions, but more water will come into the cell than will leave. The cell is likely to swell up and become 'turgid'. If the solution is exactly the same water concentration as the cell there will be no movement of water across the cell membrane. Water crosses the cell membrane in both directions, but the amount going in is the same as the amount going out. The cell will stay the same size. If the solution has a lower concentration of water than the cell the cell will lose water by osmosis. Again, water crosses the cell membrane in both directions, but this time more water leaves the cell than enters it. Therefore the cell will shrink and become 'flaccid' Potato plant cells:- Plant cells always have a strong cell wall covering them.

EchoStar Communications

Charles W. Egren founded EchoStar Communications in 1980. The Company and its subsidiaries deliver Direct Broadcast Satellite (DBS) television products and services to customers worldwide.EchoStar Communications Corporation acquired the license to deliver DBS products in 1987 and is a publicly traded company (NASDAQ: DISH).   As at April 27, 2007, EchoStar Communications Corporation is trading at $ 46.51 per share.EchoStar provides Direct Broadcast Satellite (DBS) television products and services (satellite delivered digital television) through its DISH NetworkTM to over 12 million customers in the United States of America.The company’s shares are doing very well compared with companies in the same industry like Comcast and Verizon. As at April 27th, 2007, Comcast Corporation (NASDAQ: CMCSK) is trading at $26.68 per share while Verizon Communications Inc. (NYSE: VZ) is selling its shares at $38.15 a piece.Comcast Corporation is a cable operator in the United States and offer s a variety of consumer entertainment and communication products and services.Verizon Communications Inc. is a provider of communications services. It has two segments, Wireline and Domestic Wireless, which it operates and manages as strategic business units and organizes by products and services (www.businessweek.com).These companies all have similar products to Dish Network.Comcast Communications is a cable giant and was the number one broadband provider in the country in 2005. Cable operators like Comcast have been leaders in supplying speedy Internet connections to consumers. They offer lower prices and higher speeds, thereby gaining a market of about 22 million U.S. households out of a total of 39 million that have broadband.Verizon (a telecom giant) had to get into the television business because Comcast and the other cable companies were getting a share of the telecom market. In order to boost growth Verizon need it needed to move aggressively into new markets.   Verizon dr opped their prices for broadband to as low as $15 a month and cranking up speeds. The company also started offering speeds 10 times as fast as standard cable service.It targeted TV and broadband and offered extra-fast Net connections and TV services. In addition, Verizon started to offer customers the same bundles of voice and video that the cable players do. They had to do this because the cable industry was taking a share in the voice market. This gave birth to Verizon TV, which offers services like allowing customers to watch one show and, at the same time, record another. Other cable companies did not offer this. Verizon TV also has more channels and more choice of on-demand video than some of its competitors like Dish.Today, with more than 12 million customers, DISH Network offers the lowest all-digital TV price in America. References Rewired And Ready For Combat. (2005). Retrieved April 27, 2007, from http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/05_45/b3958089.htm http://www.echostar.com http://www.verizon.com http://www.comcast.com

The Nation of America essays

The Nation of America essays In the articleCultural Imperialism? Is No Joke,? Jeffrey E. Carten states that Americans are not really care about the way they dominate other nations by exposing their values, ideas and products. He particularly mentions people in other countries have already tried to limit Americans? exports to their countries in order to reduce what Garten callsCultural Imperialism?. I agree with Garten that people in other nations think American culture is taking over their own cultures. Indeed, Americans have already created many negative problems in other nations especially in taking advantage in order to make profits, creating environmental problems and influencing others to follow Americanism. Many American corporations take advantage of other countries by paying low salaries and providing less benefits. There are many big U.S. corporations such as IBM, Intel and Microsoft which have migrated their factories to many developing countries since 1996. It is true that every company takes advantage in order to make profits. However, I do not like the ways American corporations are doing in other nations in order to make profits. They take the advantage of cheaper labors and avoid paying high tax and regulation fees in foreign countries. Although many foreign nations do not have laws that enforce enterprises to pay fringe benefits such as vacations, pension plans, health, and disability insurances, most local companies do provide housing and heath benefits for their employees. For example, my father who was an accountant worked at an administrative office in a local city of China and got housing benefit. The office provided a two-bedroom dormitory for us, but compared with my f riend who works for Intel in Shang Hai, China as an accounting auditor, my father was much luckier. She only gets paid 4500 Yuan ($563) per month without any other benefits. I know people who work in the U.S. as account auditors and their salaries range ...

Chemical Composition of Vinegar

Chemical Composition of Vinegar Vinegar is a liquid that is produced from the fermentation of ethanol into acetic acid. The fermentation is carried out by bacteria. Vinegar consists of acetic acid (CH3COOH), water and trace amounts of other chemicals, which may include flavorings. The concentration of the acetic acid is variable. Distilled vinegar contains 5-8% acetic acid. Spirit of vinegar is a stronger form of vinegar that contains 5-20% acetic acid. Flavorings may include sweeteners, such as sugar or fruit juices. Infusions of herbs, spices and other flavors may be added, too. Vinegar is made from a variety of source materials. Each contributes its own unique flavor signature to the final product. Vinegar may be made from sugar cane juice, rice and other grains, grapes (balsamic vinegar), coconut water, fruit wines, kombucha, or apple cider. Spirit vinegar is a strong variety of vinegar (5% to 21% acetic acid) made from sugar cane and doubly fermented. The first fermentation changes sugar into alcohol, while the second fermentation changes alcohol into acetic acid. Sources Bourgeois, Jacques; Barja, Franà §ois (December 2009). The history of vinegar and of its acetification systems. Archives des Sciences. 62 (2): 147–160.Cerezo, Ana B.; Tesfaye, Wendu; Torija, M. Jesà ºs; Mateo, Està ­baliz; Garcà ­a-Parrilla, M. Carmen; Troncoso, Ana M. (2008). The phenolic composition of red wine vinegar produced in barrels made from different woods. Food Chemistry. 109 (3): 606–615. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.01.013Nakayama, T. (1959). Studies on acetic acid-bacteria I. Biochemical studies on ethanol oxidation. J Biochem. 46 (9): 1217–25.

Bullying Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Bullying - Essay Example It is the interest of this discussion to inform the reader on the aggressive and harming instrument of work place bullying (Field, 1996). This discussion will study ways of handling bullying, consequences of the employees involved in bullying, and the effects of bullying in the organization they work. Discussion Bullying is closely associated with learning institutions, but a growing number of reported cases of work place bullying is worrying and shifted the focus. Work place bullying is defined as any negative conduct that shows little or no regard for the workers by their employers or colleagues. This humiliating misconduct may be generated by a worker against another worker or worse still, by a person of higher authority in the work place to the workers. According to Douglas (2001), the reason as to why managers bully their workers is presumably to hide their inadequacies from the board and the workers. He reiterates that only inadequate managers bully their workers. 80% of workpl ace bullying occurs between a manager and an employee. Managers or senior workers are said to engage in bullying to hide their inadequacies and weaknesses. ... Some of them also think that by bullying others, they will hide their lack of skills in doing things, by blaming it on others (Field, 1996). However, bullying among colleagues is not as common as bullying among senior workers to the employees. The fear of losing one’s job makes many of these employees never report cases of bullying (Douglas, 2001). How to Deal With Work Place Bullying It is often extremely hard to prove bullying as a form of criminal activity. Many perpetrators of bullying behavior often go unpunished because there lacks enough evidence to prove that their behavior causes harm. Nonetheless, the best way to deal with bullying in the work place is to be informed on how to protect oneself from any acts of abusive conduct perpetrated either from a co-worker or the manager. Maintaining substantial personal boundaries with your seniors and bullying co-workers is perhaps the best way to self-protection (Adams & Crawford, 1992). When one is being bullied especially by a co-worker, the best way is to stop them from their actions and explain how one feels about their harassing behavior. This action, as he reiterates, invokes in them the consciousness of their behavior prompting a change from their actions. Keeping calm is another way of dealing with a bully. This helps in preventing a confrontation if one were to react towards the bullying behavior. Keeping calm helps someone from getting upset, thereby avoiding a collusion that would otherwise project the whole situation (Field, 1996). Consequences and Effects of Bullying on the Employees There are numerous consequences of bullying to the employee affected. There have been cases of reported health problems to

Vigilant IT professionals Wk 7 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Vigilant IT professionals Wk 7 - Essay Example The general responsibilities include managing information technology and computer systems; ensuring that the technology is smoothly accessible and effectively equipped with both hardware and software systems; and being able to regularly monitor and maintain technology to ensure maximized accessibility and application (Information Technology Manager, 2005). The primary concern therefore for the IT manager is sustaining effective operation of the computer system and applications within an organization at maximum ability and at the minimum cost. Aside from keeping abreast with the latest technological developments that concern the organization’s upkeep of both hardware and software system, the task of the IT manager includes identifying risks and threats of security and ensuring that the organization’s data and information system would not be compromised. The IT manager must be able to detect vulnerabilities and threats and be able to address security issues, breach of confidentiality and other information-related concerns at the soonest possible time with ease, high competence, and exemplary use of sensory, cognitive and problem-solving skills. This is a type of position that one looks forward to holding in the near future. The opportunities open for an IT manager are vast and the nature of the work is appropriately challenging due to the fast pace of technological advancement. From the information contained in the Occupational Outlook Handbook for Computer and Information Systems Managers the compensation offered is relatively high with â€Å"the median annual wage of computer and information systems managers (amounting to) $115,780 in May 2010† (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2012, p. 1), or about $55.67 per hour. Likewise, the job outlook is positive with an indicated growth rate of 18% for the years 2010 up to 2012. Likewise, as disclosed, â€Å"growth will be driven by organizations upgrading their IT systems and switching to

Admission to MBA Program Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Admission to MBA Program - Essay Example This is important in my opinion because the workplace has changed in the last several years and it is more diverse. This calls for people who can understand each others differences while acknowledging that they must come together in order to complete a project. This is one of the places that active listening comes in because each part of the team must listen to the others in order to move foreword with a project. I believe that another strength is compassion that gives me the ability to look understand the needs of people and help them achieve their goals. When I think of weaknesses, my major weakness is that I am a perfectionist. Although many people may think this is a strength, for me it has a tendency to slow me down. As an example, when I work on a project independently I want to make sure that everything is the way I want when it is done. Because of this, I have often taken more time on a project that necessary. I am working to change some of my habits in this area so that I can move through projects faster and easier. The personal qualities I have include enthusiasm, charisma, empathy, keen observation, I am easy going and personable. I find these qualities becoming more important as I grow older and I understand the world of work better. I believe that these qualities also help me when I am working with teams or individuals. The characteristic I would like to develop is public speaking. I am nervous when I stand in front of a group for a presentation because I tend to be more introverted than extroverted. I would like to become more comfortable in front of groups. Finally, my main professional goal is to have an executive position with a Fortune 500 company. I feel that an MBA will put me into a position to find a company that will fit my talents and abilities. I feel that today, many companies are in need of qualified candidates and the MBA will be one way for me to realize my

Organizing a Trade Fair with Fresh Graduates Essay Example for Free

Organizing a Trade Fair with Fresh Graduates Essay Organizing a trade fair requires sustained efforts from a capable team that needs to posses some experience in the field of sales, a good acknowledgment of the products promoted and their features, developed communication skills, correctness and objectivity. Given that the trade fair will be organized with the participation of fresh graduates that do not possess any experience in the field, this criteria will be replaced with their major specialization.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As such, as the trade fair is open to the public, (it grants access to all interested viewers and the press), the personnel in charge of organizing it will be subdivided into four teams: a team in charge of the budget, a team handling the logistics of the trade (renting the space, insuring the transportation means and display of the products), a team that presents the products to the potential customers and a team for public relations (meet the guests at entrance, hand out fliers and other promotional materials, attend the press conference and give statements regarding the trade, products and organization in general.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In order to select those employees that possess the required capabilities to successfully and timely organize the fair, the project manager will divide them into four groups, according to the four teams needed, based on their educational background. As such, the budget team will be formed out of accounting graduates; the logistics team will be formed of management graduates; the team in charge of presenting the products will be made up of technical graduates and the PR team will consist of communication or mass-media graduates.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To determine the skills necessary for the successful and timely completion of the trade fair, the manager will analyze the organization of past events that have generated successful outcomes and establish the core requirements for the team. Furthermore, he will engage in conversations with other managers that have organized trade fairs in order to get a first hand insight on organizing such an event. He will then step-by-step analyze the process and identify the skills needed at each level (budget developing, logistics, product presentation and PR). Once he has identified the required skills, he will compare them with the current skills possessed by the members of his team, and where the team lacks, he will propose improvements.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To get an informed data on the skills currently possessed by his team, the project manager will analyze the education background of his personnel, divide them into teams accordingly and test the capabilities of the team members throughout simulations of concrete situations and theoretical testings.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The team in charge of developing the trade fair budget will be formed from accounting graduates. The members skills will be theoretically analyzed from the view points of their graduation marks, their capabilities of solving theoretical problems regarding annual budgets and multiple choice tests of accounting. Furthermore, they will be subjected to practical tasks regarding the correct development of budgets. Based on the results, the project manager will be able to get a clear insight on the capabilities of each team member.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To test the skills of the logistics team, the project manager will present the team members with organizational concerns and demand solutions to the problems presented. Based on the solutions proposed by the personnel, the manager will identify the capabilities of each team member and their core competencies, properly directing them towards subdivisions of logistics.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The product team will be tested in regard to their knowledge of the products presented, their features and functionality. The testing will be done throughout written tests as well as throughout simulations of concrete situations in which customers inquire about the products on display. The PR team will be subjected to written tests regarding their behavior towards customers and the press, and also to simulations of concrete situations. Bibliography: Wikipedia, The Free Online Encyclopedia, Trade Fair, April 4, 2007 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trade_fair, last accessed on April 16, 2007

Dress For Success With A Wardrobe Engineer Fashion Essay

Dress For Success With A Wardrobe Engineer Fashion Essay As a Wardrobe engineer, I will show you how to save, and which articles that may be the wrong color or style with the tricks of the trade I have learned through tried and true situations. Most importantly, I want to teach my clients how not to throw away good money on clothes that end up in the back of the closet. I promise that you will save more money by consulting a wardrobe engineer.. With Dress for Success, people who are important will be drawn to you, and they will establish immediate credibility and respect. It is no small thing that the ‘vertically challenged man has attained the title of Mens clothing store Manager. As a wardrobe engineer, I like to try new grooming products, and have my hair cut every week, just to keep a neat and clean appearance. I wear a very basic ‘wave style and dont need to spend too much time styling my hair. I studied the laws of coloration and clothing as camouflage at Hart Schafner Marx University. The company is the founding entity of what is known today as the Hartmarx Corporation. It has a 119 year heritage as the leading American clothing manufacturer and marketer. I learned that what you wear can make you look happy or sad, younger or older, dynamic or dull. I have found out that successful people radiate happiness, health and energy. They never look, tired, sad or ordinary. They have taken the time to find out what makes them look better, so that they always dress for success. During my 35 year menswear career, I was successful in starting men on the road to transforming their image and attitude. I have consulted on the colors; styles and accessories that make men look more powerful and dynamic. With dress for success, doors have been opened for me magically, and I was accorded immediate credibility and respect in the Mens clothing industry. Stop playing Russian roulette with your image. Dont wait another minuteto take control of your image and your life.

Art, Surrealism, and the Grotesque Essay -- Exploratory Essays Researc

The term "grotesque" in art and literature, commonly refers to the juxtaposition of extreme contrasts such as horror and humor, or beauty and monstrosity, or desire and revulsion. One function of this juxtaposition of the rational and the irrational is to subdue or normalize the unknown, and thereby control it. The simultaneity of mutually exclusive emotional states, and the discomfort it might cause, inspires a Freudian analytic critical approach because of its focus on controlling repressed desires through therapeutic rationality. There are volumes of Freudian art criticism, which typically begin by calling attention to manifestations, in some work of art, of the darkest desires of the id. Perhaps in no field of art criticism does Freud's name appear more frequently than in surrealism, and for various reasons, the grotesque figures very strongly in that art movement. From the association of surrealist art and Freud, we can derive a cursory understanding of the grotesque in this breed of Modernist art: the grotesque appears as an image, the content of which might traditionally be repressed, but instead, it is expressed within the controlled confines of a work of art. The psychoanalytic critic will focus on the simultaneous attraction to and repulsion from the dream- like imagery on the surrealist canvas. Yet, this does not consider the surrealist notion of art as a liberation of the subconscious, nor does such analysis adequately incorporate the surrealist goal of political revolution. Instead, it reduces surrealist art criticism to the interpretation of dreams. This Freudian view becomes too limiting of our understanding of surrealism, the grotesque, and perhaps even of ourselves... ...d Practice of Dream Interpretation." in Freud: Therapy and Technique. ed. Philip Rieff. New York: Collier Press, 1963. pp. 205-235. Heidegger, Martin. "What is Metaphysics?" in Basic Writings, ed. David Farrell Krell. New York: Harper & Row, 1977. Plank, William. Sartre and Surrealism. Ann Arbor: Univeristy of Michigan Research Press, 1972. Sartre, Jean-Paul. Nausea. trans. Lloyd Alexander. New York: New Directions, 1964. ------- The Psychology of Imagination. trans. Bernard Frechtman. New York: Washington Square Press, 1966. ------- The Writings of Jean-Paul Sartre: A Bibliographic Life Chicago: Northwestern University Press. Interview with Claudine Chonez in Marianne, Dec. 7, 1938. ------- "What is Literature?" and Other Essays. Trans. Steven Ungar. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1988.

Global Climate Change and Climate Protection

From September 6 to 10, 1997, the International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives (ICLEI) held a Cities for Climate Protection (CCP) Campaign – U.S. workshop in Atlanta, sponsored by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, The City of Atlanta, The Climate Institute, and The Turner Foundation. ICLEI is the international environmental agency for local governments. It believes from concrete experience that local actions can have a global impact. ICLEI was established in 1990 through a partnership of the United Nations Environment Programme, the International Union of Local Authorities (IULA), and the Center for Innovative Diplomacy. ICLEI's World Secretariat is in Toronto. ICLEI also has offices in Freiburg, Tokyo, Harare, Santiago, and Berkeley. ICLEI's purpose and mission are to: 1) serve as an international clearinghouse on sustainable development and environmental protection policies, programs, and techniques being implemented at the local level by local institutions; 2) initiate joint projects or campaigns among groups of local governments to research and develop new approaches to address pressing environmental and development problems; 3) organize training programs and publish reports and technical manuals on state of the art environmental management practices; and 4) serve as an advocate for local government before national and international governments, agencies, and organizations to increase their understanding and support of local environmental protection and sustainable development activities. By ICLEI's 10th anniversary in the year 2000, ICLEI aims to establish a global system to achieve, measure, and report on tangible improvements in the global environment through the cumulative local performance improvements of ICLEI's member municipalities. ICLEI members include more than 265 local governments of all sizes from around the world from 50 countries, all of whom share a common purpose: to take a leadership role in identifying and implementing innovative environmental management practices at the local level. ICLEI's CCP campaign started in 1990 and consists of about 200 cities from Abu Dhabi to West Hollywood. The cities that sign on to the CCP campaign commit to: 1) estimate their 1990 carbon dioxide (CO2) equivalent (CO2e) emissions, 2) develop a CCP plan to reduce their CO2e emissions by 20 percent of their 1990 emissions by the year 2020, 3) demonstrate progress towards reducing their greenhouse gas emissions, and 4) update and implement their plan. Others are becoming involved in the CCP campaign. On September 19, 1997, Ted Turner of Turner Communications announced he would contribute $1,000,000,000 to the United Nations to address the issue of global climate change. On October 6, 1997, President Clinton held a White House Summit on Global Warming to help develop U.S. policy for the planning meetings in Bonn on October 20, 1997, and for the International Meeting on Global Climate Change to be held in Kyoto in December, 1997. Climate change is now recognized as a serious global issue by thousands of environmental professionals, atmospheric scientists, government officials, medical doctors, and health and property insurance companies. Climate change is serious because its adverse human health and physical effects, if unabated, will have vast and undesirable social, economic and political impacts. Ross Gelspan, prize-winning author of The Heat Is On: The High Stakes Battle Over Earth's Threatened Climate (1997. Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., New York) was the featured dinner speaker at the CCP workshop. Cause and Effects of Industrialized Climate Change Because of industrialization, the earth's surface and atmosphere is heating up to our peril as a species. The key issues in global climate change are expanding industrialization which burns carbon fuels in power plants and internal combustion vehicle engines to generate greenhouse gases beyond the capacity of the oceans and the biosphere to absorb the excess gases. These excess gases capture heat from the sun and cause global warming, increase air pollution, induce glacial and iceberg melting, sea level rising, unstable and more extreme and long-lived weather conditions, and shifting, prolonging and intensifying floods, droughts, hurricanes and El Nià ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½o episodes. These effects lead to increases in respiratory diseases, habitat alterations, destruction of forests and wetlands, agricultural shifts, coastal erosion and flooding, societal dislocations and unrest, and perhaps, the demise of democracy as governments become more authoritarian to combat the emergencies induced by climate change. What lies ahead if the developed world cannot reduce its greenhouse gas emissions and the developing world seeks to industrialize and increase its greenhouse gas emissions? Greenhouse Gases, Their Properties, Sources and Emission Rates The major greenhouse gases are carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), halocarbon and related compounds (fluorocarbons CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-113; hydrocholorofluorocarbons HCFC-22; hydrofluorocarbons HFCs; perfluorocarbons PFCs; and sulfur hexafluoride SF6), and the criteria pollutants — carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and non-CH4 volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) [U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration (EIA). October 1997. Emissions of Greenhouse Gases in the United States 1996 DOE/EIADOE/EIA-0573 (96). Office of Integrated Analysis and Forecasting, Department of Energy, Washington, District of Columbia or http://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/1605/frntend.html]. CO2 has a carbon equivalency of 0.273, CH4 has a higher carbon equivalency of 5.73, and N2O has an even higher carbon equivalency of 83.2. This means that CH4 has about 21 times the warming effect of CO2 and N2O has about 305 times the warming effect of CO2. SF6 has a very h igh global warming potential (GWP) of 23,900 times the effects of CO2. The currently estimated 1996 U.S. total greenhouse gas emissions are about 1,753 metric tons of carbon or carbon equivalent, or an increase of 8.3 percent over 1990 (EIA 1997). About 98.5 percent of U.S. human-made or anthropogenic CO2 emissions are caused by the combustion of fossil fuels to provide energy; U.S. anthropogenic CH4 emissions are due primarily to production and transportation of coal, natural gas and oil; anaerobic decomposition of municipal waste in landfills and raising livestock. N2O emissions are primarily from agricultural soils associated with fertilizer use, industrial process emissions, and emissions from fossil fuel combustion. Carbon dioxide. CO2 emissions are by far the largest percentage of greenhouse gas. Caused primarily by the combustion of fossil fuels to provide energy from energy plants and internal combustion engines, anthropogenic CO2 emissions are also produced by forest, agricultural, and other fires. At 1,496 metric tons of carbon or carbon equivalent, about 85.3 percent of the currently estimated 1996 U.S. greenhouse gas emissions are as CO2, based on GWP, or an increase of 8.8 percent over 1990 (EIA 1997). Methane. CH4 emissions are dwarfed by CO2 emissions (a ratio of 1 ton of CH4 for every 175 tons of CO2). Because the heat-trapping capacity of CH4 is about 21 times that of CO2, the overall effect of CH4 on global climate is significant. There is, however, substantial uncertainty in estimates of emissions from most U.S. CH4 sources, ranging from 25 percent to as high as several hundred percent. CH4 emission trends from each source tend to be more reliable than their overall estimated magnitude. At 177 metric tons of carbon or carbon equivalent, about 10.0 percent of the currently estimated 1996 U.S. greenhouse gas emissions are as CH4, based on GWP, or a decrease of 2.2 percent over 1990. Nitrous oxide. Compared to CO2 or CH4, N2O is released in small quantities from anthropogenic sources; however, N2O's 100 – year global warming potential (GWP) of 305 makes it a significant contributor to atmospheric warming. Although there are many known natural and anthropogenic sources, N2O emissions have been difficult to quantify on a global scale because it has been one of the least-studied greenhouse gases. The largest source of anthropogenic N2O emissions is energy use, which includes mobile source combustion from passenger cars, buses, motorcycles, and trucks, and stationary source combustion from residential, industrial, and electric utility energy use. The second-largest source of N2O emissions is agriculture, primarily fertilizer application and a small amount released from the burning of crop residues. However, there is substantial uncertainty and debate regarding the emissions implications of use of N-based fertilizers. Models used for estimation are based on limited sources of experimental data. Another important source of N2O emissions is industrial production of adipic acid and nitric acid. At 38 metric tons of carbon or carbon equivalent, about 2.2 percent of the currently estimated 1996 U.S. greenhouse gas emissions are as N2O, based on GWP, or no net change over 1990. Halocarbon and Related Compounds. CFCs, HCFCs, HFCs, PFCs and other compounds that act as greenhouse gases are emitted from their use as refrigerants in cooling equipment, as solvents, or as blowing agents, or from fugitive emissions from industrial processes; these halocarbon compounds are being phased out under pollution prevention measures because they damage the stratospheric ozone layer. The best known class of synthetic greenhouse chemicals are the CFCs, particularly CFC-12 (trade name Freon -12). CFCs have many desirable features: they are relatively simple to manufacture, inert, nontoxic, and nonflammable. Because CFCs are chemically stable, they remain in the atmosphere for hundreds or thousands of years. These synthetic molecules absorb reflected infrared radiation at wavelengths that would otherwise be largely unabsorbed, and they are potent greenhouse gases, with a direct radiative forcing effect hundreds or thousands of times greater than that of CO2. Though molecule for molecule, CFCs absorb many hundreds of times more infrared radiation than carbon dioxide, their net warming effect is reduced because of their effect on ozone. Ozone (O3), beneficial in the stratosphere for its ability to absorb harmful ultraviolet radiation, is also a potent greenhouse gas. While the direct effect of CFCs is a warming potential far greater than that of CO2, their indirect effect on ozone reduces their net radiative forcing effects by half. SF6 is used as an insulator for circuit breakers switchgear and other electrical equipment; it also occurs as a fugitive emission from certain semiconductor manufacturing processes. At 42 metric tons of carbon or carbon equivalent, about 2.4 percent of the curr ently estimated 1996 U.S. greenhouse gas emissions are as HFCs, PFCs and SF6, based on GWP, or an increase of 68 percent over 1990. Criteria Pollutants. CO, NOx, and NMVOCs are reactive gases, which usually decay quickly in the atmosphere. Most CO emissions result from incomplete oxidation during combustion of fuels used for transportation. NOx emissions are related to air-fuel mixes and combustion temperatures during the burning of fuels evenly split between transportation and stationary sources. NMVOCs are a main component in the chemical and physical atmospheric reactions that form ozone and other photochemical oxidants. About half of the NMVOC emissions come from solvent-related industrial processes and most of the remaining emissions are from combustion of transportation fuels. Climate Protection Strategies The remedial strategies all have unintended consequences. These strategies are 1) greenhouse gas source reduction (Gelspan, 1997; ICLEI, September 1997, web page at http://www.iclei.org); 2) ocean modification to absorb more greenhouse gases (Joos, F., J.L. Sarmiento and U. Siegenthaler. 1991. Estimates of the effect of Southern Ocean iron fertilization on atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Nature, Vol. 349, No. 6312, p. 772-774); and 3) forest, wetland, and agricultural practices to sequester more gaseous CO2 (Hodges, Carl N., T. Lewis Thompson, James L. Riley and Edward P. Glenn. November 1993. Reversing the Flow: Water and Nutrients from the Sea to the Land. Ambio, A Journal of the Human Environment, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Vol. 22, No. 7, p. 483-496). The most likely success strategy is greenhouse gas source reduction. Greenhouse gas source reduction activities include: à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Replace greenhouse gas generating activities such as coal, petroleum, and natural gas burning power plants with non-CO2 emitting power plants like nuclear, solar, wind, wave, hydraulic, and geothermal. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Reduce the amount of paper and other carbon-rich discards that go to landfills, which generate CH4 by source reduction, reuse, recycling, and composting and/or mulching of organic discards. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Control industrial plant greenhouse gas emissions. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Prevent and control forest and agricultural fires that generate CO2. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Replace internal combustion vehicle, tools, and power sources with electrical, compressed natural gas , and hydrogen sources. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Recover greenhouse gases, such as from landfills, for reuse and treatment prior to release to the atmosphere. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Improve the greenhouse gas sequestering mechanisms of the vegetative cover by restoring and enhancing landscape trees, forests, wetlands, gardens, and agricultural practices. Do we have a reason to be optimistic? We have reason to be cautiously optimistic about climate protection. Human history is full of examples where we learned from our mistakes, misfortunes, or undesirable trends. The agricultural revolution of the 18th century, the discovery of bacteria in the 19th, and the invention of vaccines in the 20th are some of the examples of what humanity can achieve when challenged with a seemingly unsolvable problem. True, we must overcome several hurdles, the resistance of political and profit-centered structures which have short-term benefits in an economy based on carbon fuels. But these barriers can be overcome in the 21st century through education and promotion, successful cases, and the inherently superior economics of a sustainable and renewable energy and resource based society. We will need political leadership at all levels to make it happen.